Giuliano Mignini has become known for his dogged, controversial prosecution of Amanda Knox, the young American exchange student accused of killing her British roommate in their cottage in the university town of Perugia, Italy. But years before Mignini began making his case against Knox, the Italian prosecutor was involved in another high-profile murder case.
His work on that case, some say, raises serious questions about his methods and his judgment.
The case revolved around murders in the 1970s and 80s, when 16 bodies were found in the hillsides outside Florence, Italy.
The killer was nicknamed the Monster of Florence. He killed young lovers often as they made love in the Tuscan foothills at night -- murders that included horrific, ritualistic mutilations.
Arrests were made in the murders but the killings continued while the suspects were in custody.
American author Douglas Preston, who co-authored a book on the case with Italian journalist Mario Spezi, said the killer's profile was clear.
"Every single forensic examination of the evidence, every single psychological profile, everything said that this was a lone psychopathic sexual killer who worked by himself," he said.
Decades passed with no resolution and then, in 2002, Mignini re-opened the case. He didn't buy into the lone psychopathic killer theory. Instead,
he claimed, the murders were the work of a satanic sect, dating back to the Middle Ages, that needed female body parts for their black masses, to serve as the blasphemous wafer.
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Preston and Spezi were investigating the Monster on their own. They pursued a lone killer theory which entirely undermined Mignini's. In short order, they found themselves in Mignini's crosshairs.
The prosecutor brought
Preston in for an interview which, Preston said, quickly became an interrogation.
"He accused me of planting evidence and demanded that I confess to these crimes," he said. "I was accused of knowing all about Satanism and so on and so forth. And it was completely insane. It was like something out of a nightmare."
When Preston refused to confess,
Mignini indicted him on perjury. Preston said the prosecutor then recommended that Preston and his family leave the country. They did just that the following morning.
Mignini was even tougher on Spezi, the Italian journalist.
Spezi's home was raided twice and he spent weeks in prison after Mignini accused him of being part of the satanic sect responsible for the murders.
Spezi cleared his name and Mignini's investigation led nowhere.
"Everything was thrown out of court," Preston said, "and Mignini was humiliated."
Mignini was more than humiliated.
He was criminally indicted for prosecutorial misconduct -- specifically, the illegal wiretapping of journalists' phones. Though Mignini claimed the tapping was properly authorized,
that charge was still hanging over him in 2007, when Meredith Kercher was murdered in Perugia.
When the Knox case fell into Mignini's lap, Preston said the prosecutor saw it as a God-send.
"Here was a case that could redeem him," he said. "Here was a case that could save his career."
As he'd done in the Monster of Florence case,
Mignini developed an elaborate theory of the crime. Kercher, he believed, had been stabbed during a bizarre sex game gone wrong. It was a game, he claimed, played by Knox, her then-boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito and Diya "Patrick" Lumumba, who ran a Perugia bar where Knox worked part time.
Mignini had to release Lumumba because he had an airtight alibi, and he soon abandoned his sex orgy gone wrong theory. Instead, he argued that Knox killed Kercher in a rage because the roommates had fought over Knox's hygiene and her alleged habit of bringing boys home to cottage late at night. At one point, the prosecution added the allegation that Kercher accused Knox of stealing her rent money. By the end of the initial murder case, the prosecution abandoned all of their shifting motives and said Kercher was killed for no reason at all.
But when
police analyzed the crime scene, they found no DNA from Knox. Instead, they found DNA from someone else, a local drifter named Rudy Guede who had a criminal history of break-ins in Perguia and Milan.
"Rudy Guede is all over that room. He's on the victim, he's in the victim's body," said DNA expert Greg Hampikian.
Interpol tracked down Guede, who had fled to Germany. But before he was arrested,
Perugia police recorded Guede's Skype conversation with a friend in an Internet cafe. At the time,
Guede told his friend, Knox and Sollecito weren't there the night of Kercher's murder.
At some point
after Guede met with Mignini, he changed his story. Guede began to claim that Knox and Sollecito were involved in the murder and wanted Kercher dead.
Guede was convicted of murder and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He appealed and received a lighter sentence of 16 years.
"The prosecutor is being very kind to Rudy Guede because Rudy Guede did what the prosecutor wanted," said Judy Bachrach, who covered the case for Vanity Fair. "Amanda Knox -- she says, 'I'm innocent.' Raffaele says, 'I'm innocent.' Therefore, the prosecutor is out for revenge. He wants them to rot in prison forever."
Though Knox and Sollecito were convicted, as they sought an appeal, the DNA evidence against them began to unravel.
Experts found that the bra clasp believed to contain Sollecito's DNA was mishandled by a police investigator. A video showed the clasp was picked up from the floor, handed around and then put back on the floor.
"Anybody who watched CSI knows better what to do," Bachrach said.
Experts also found that the kitchen knife said to be the murder weapon contained such a small sample of Knox's DNA that it should never have been introduced into evidence.
As for Kercher's DNA that was supposedly found on the knife, testing revealed it was not actually human DNA but a speck of flour and starch that likely came from rye bread.
In his closing arguments this week,
Mignini said there were other reasons to convict Knox, including her lack of an airtight alibi, odd behavior -- she and Sollecito were seen kissing outside the crime scene -- and the fact that Knox at one point stated to police that she had a "vision" that Lumumba was at the cottage on the night of the murder. (Knox, who was interrogated without an attorney present
(for 14 hours!),
tried to retract her statement in the morning, saying the police had confused her with their extended grilling and tough tactics.)
Mignini is asking for Knox and Sollecito to be given life sentences. Knox was originally sentenced to 26 years in prison while Sollecito received a 25-year term.
"We made our arguments because we believe in them," Mignini told "20/20" this week. "Now we'll see what the jury decides."
Mignini continues to fight his own, personal legal battle. In January, 2010 he was convicted of abuse of power for impromper wiretaps in the Monster of Florence case. Mignini's lawyer said the wiretapping was authorized and is appealing the conviction.
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