Investigators know a woman's head found alongside a rural Beaver County road was embalmed, which they say means a funeral home or mortuary was involved in preparing her body. They know at least part of her eyes were removed for transplantation or medical research.
But those clues haven't led to the most important piece of information: her name.
“We have to have the key to the door, and the key is identification,” Beaver County District Attorney Anthony Berosh said Tuesday. “All roads lead to the identification of that person.”
A DNA database of organ donors doesn't exist, according to several organ donation organizations. Those organizations say they can't help investigators freely because of privacy restrictions.
“Donor information is highly confidential,” said Susan Stuart, CEO of the Center for Organ Recovery & Education, the O'Hara-based organization serving Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia and one county in New York. “Out of respect for the donor families, we don't release information without permission of the next of kin.”
Berosh said, “We haven't run into confidentiality problems because we haven't asked about a specific person.”
A pedestrian found the woman's head near Mason Road in Economy about 12:30 p.m. Dec. 12. A ground search two days later found no other body parts.
Police, Berosh's office and Beaver County Coroner Teri Tatalovich-Rossi released a sketch of the woman, saying that she was white and at least 50.
Michelle Vitali, an art professor and forensic artist at Edinboro University, who did the sketch, said the woman's eyes had been donated, but she didn't provide details.
Berosh said that whoever removed the woman's head had “anatomical knowledge.”
Of the 122,000 corneas recovered from donors in the past year, said Kevin Corcoran, president and CEO of the Eye Bank Association of America, 72,000 were used for transplants, 25,000 for education or research, and the rest were deemed unusable. Corneas are removed before a person is embalmed.
Agencies that take the corneas don't photograph the donor's face or perform DNA testing, Corcoran said. Blood is tested for diseases that would make a cornea unusable, he said.
The agency that recovered her corneas would be in a position to provide information to law enforcement but would need a name to track down the records, he said.
Berosh said police were following up on leads Economy police received after releasing the sketch. Economy police Chief Michael O'Brien couldn't be reached for comment.
Investigators have some information that could be helpful. The woman had a full head of curly, gray hair, which investigators suspect had been styled for viewing at a funeral home.
Rochelle Wells, administrator of Philadelphia-based Humanity Gifts Registry, which coordinates body donations for medical schools, said that when schools receive bodies, the heads are shaved.
Bodies embalmed for short-term viewing at a funeral home are preserved differently than those for long-term use by students and researchers at medical schools, she said.
Investigators have talked to agencies that recover tissue or organs for medical use, Berosh said. They haven't reported problems.
Authorities have not received reports of disturbed graves, Berosh said.
Former Allegheny County Coroner Cyril Wecht said that the case is bizarre but that he has not been consulted.
“If no identification is forthcoming in the next day or two, with the additional information that's been released, my surmisal is that this is a head from some other geographical location,” Wecht said.
Officials shared the sketch with a police network stretching from Indiana to New Jersey, and Berosh hopes a law enforcement official knows something that could identify the woman.
Anyone involved in putting the woman's head in the woods could face charges of theft and abuse of a corpse, investigators said.
“We all feel here not only a legal obligation but a moral obligation” to solve the mystery, Berosh said.